Политология и право

Criminal acts are very detrimental to society and often the perpetrators of these offenses cannot be revealed, so that lawbreakers avoid punishment. There are many factors that must be met in uncovering a crime, but there will still be murders that are not caught red-handed. To solve crimes in these instances it is used Visum et Repertum procedure, that is carried out by forensic doctors. This procedure is very decisive as the only written statement made by a forensic doctor which contains evidence of the felon’s guilt. Present paper is a normative legal research studying the provisions of laws and regulations in the Indonesian criminal law. The authors specifically analyse in depth Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which is about evidence as an effort to uncover a crime.

В условиях информационного общества политические партии претерпевают существенные изменения. Это связано, во-первых, с возникновением новых постмодернистских общественно-политических размежеваний и идеологий. Во-вторых, с зарождением нового типа организационно-партийной структуры – партий-движений. В мире наблюдается процесс американизации партийных структур, а партийные системы в то же время сталкиваются с необходимостью ангажировать новые типы крайне правых и крайне левых внесистемных партий. На фоне этих процессов зарождается новый тип политических партий.

In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the authority and position of the People’s Representative Council (DPR) is regulated in articles 19-22B, where the DPR functions are given in article 20A paragraph (1), which states that “the DPR shall hold legislative, budgeting and oversight functions”. Indonesia adheres to a Presidential government system, thus the head of state cannot be overthrown by the House of Representatives, and supervision over the government is carried out by the executive. Thus, the DPR is only limited to supervising and cannot act in full measure. About the results of DPR supervision and identified cases of fraud committed by government officials can be reported only to institutions under the auspices of the executive branch. So obviously the DPR’s functions and powers in overseeing the administration of government are very imperfect. This paper is a normative legal research, which examines the provisions of articles in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, especially those related to the authority of the DPR in terms of oversight of government administration. The problem faced by the DPR is that parliamentarians don’t have the authority to impose legal sanctions on state officials, who carry out their duties in bad faith.

В статье исследуется значение специальных средств защиты, применяемых в правоохранительной деятельности. Выдвинута гипотеза, на основе которой рассматриваются вопросы определения и системы специальных средств защиты. Автором рассматриваются различные подходы к определению понятия специальных средств. Определен критерий, по которому происходит формирование системы специальных средств защиты.