No 2, 2017
Publishing Date: 2017-07-04
HISTORY
The article deals with the history and the problems of the Russian Orthodox Church in Denmark – and here seen in a Danish-Russian historical perspective, especially, in the last 300 years. The relations between the Danes and the Orthodox Church began, however, around 900 years before, in the Eastern European state of Kievan Rus. The article shows that the history of the church is closely linked to the political development in Russia. In this article, the history of the church and the changing Russian congregations will be illuminated in a historical perspective so that both the church and church buildings will throw a new light on the role of the Russian Church in both Danish and Russian history. In addition, it will be analysed to what extent trade policy, strategy and power policy and family relations have influenced the role and position of the Russian Church in Danish history.
The article analyses the recent German historiography on the problem of the Liberation Wars (1806-1815). The author points out the fact that since the early 1970s the German scholars tend to revise the conventional conception of the Liberation Wars which was created by the Prussian School of History in the second half of the 19th century. First of all, certain doubts have been expressed about the existence of a centralized popular Anti-Napoleonic movement in the German lands. The latest studies on that subject have proved that the struggle against Napoleon and the French occupation was the work of the elites not of average people. In the second place, the thesis of the “historical mission of Prussia” has been completely rejected by the German historians. The closer look at the Prussian sources has revealed that in the years of the French domination the Prussian political elites were elaborating on the concept of the Prussian nation which in some ways competed with the German national idea. Moreover, the Prussian government had no intention to unite the whole Germany under the Prussian rule. Consequently the Wars of Liberation cannot be viewed as a uniform German phenomenon, let alone as a key event of the German national history. The diverse experience of separate German states (Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Saxony, and Westphalia) doesn’t allow us to define the Liberation Wars as a necessary condition for building of the German nation. For the reasons given above the modern German historians claim that the period of 1806-1815 requires certain revising and reconsideration.
The article examines and analyses the image of Great Britain which at the beginning of the last century was formed by Russian journalists on the pages of the pro-government periodical “The Chronicle of the War against Japan”. Within this work the British Empire appears to be one of Russia's main competitors in the struggle for the leading positions in the international arena. This research analyses more than 60 issues of this periodical. In conclusion, in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century periodicals had a special role in informational impact on people's minds.
This article analyses Turkish media on the subject of the coup in 2016. The reviewed materials were published in the first two weeks after the coup attempt, and these most clearly convey the atmosphere of those days. The purpose of this study is to examine the formation of public opinion in connection with the coup in Turkey. The uniqueness of the work lies in the fact that almost all types of mass media were involved in the analysis: television, press, popular sites.
PEDAGOGY
Gerashchenko I.G. Philosophy of Russian cosmism and virtual teaching
The article reviews the philosophy of Russian cosmism in the context of virtual teaching. It contains the analysis of Russian cosmists’ contrubution to the development of virtual picture of the world (V.I. Vernadskiy, A.K. Gorskiy, V.S. Solovyov, N.F. Fyodorov, P.A. Florenskiy, K.E. Tsiolkovskiy, etc.). The author carries out the systematic approach to the philosophy of Russian cosmism in the context of virtual training. The originality of philosophy of Russian cosmism is shown in the solution of world outlook and pedagogical problems. It reveals relevance of this direction for modern domestic philosophy and pedagogics.
The article reviews the problem of combining the humanitarian training and the professional skills of future specialists. The author carries out the content analysis of educational programs of the disciplines of the humanitarian and professional cycles of agro-industrial specialists’ training. Humanistic component in the content of students’ training in the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine has been analysed and the need for its actualization has been argued.
Gerashchenko I.G., Gerashchenko N.V. Issues of distance education: methodological aspect
The article covers a number of methodological issues of distance education. The author shows advantages and disadvantages of contemporary distance teaching in Russia; identifies technocratic and non-technocratic aspects of computerized education. The idea of efficiency of applying the problem-method in distance teaching is justified. The article also proves that there is need to acquire meta-qualification in terms of modern uncertainty of education.
The article presents the results of the research of new approaches to the development of spiritual and moral education of the youth held by Armavir City Youth Public Organization “Club of Role-Playing Theatrical Games” with the support of the Department of Theory, History of Pedagogy and Educational Practice of Armavir State Pedagogical University within the framework of socio-pedagogical Project “Russia is my Motherland!”. The authors developed recommendations on changing the leading approaches to the implementation of patriotic and spiritual and moral education in the context of a specific educational situation in the region.
POLITOLOGY
Zhukovska A.O. The national experience of the transformation processes in the Republic of Bulgaria
The article deals with the national characteristics of democratic reforms in the Republic of Bulgaria. The main stages of the transformation processes in the Bulgarian political space are identified. The author examines the most important problems of post-socialist development of the country and the reorientation to the Western foreign policy structures. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a multi-party system and parliamentary system.
The article deals with different theoretical approaches to the categorization of the «sentimental tourism». It characterizes the main features of the sentimental tourism organization in the Volyn region as well as its influence on the enhancement of foreign relations between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland. The paper defines the historical places of polish nationality representatives settled in Volyn before the resettlement period after WWII along territory of modern Poland and the burial places of foreign citizens in the area. These places are identified as basic resources for the development of sentimental tourism in the region and as promising areas for investment and international cooperation of both countries. The authors describe the current legal framework of cooperation between Ukraine and Poland on this issue.
PSYCHOLOGY
The article discusses the value of matrimonial therapy in the context of domestic conflicts and in prevention of the mass disintegration of marriages. The author describes the basic methods of psychological assistance to spouses and analyzes the core principles of the therapist’s work with married couples. The main task of the work is to underline the value of matrimonial therapy in solving the problems between married couples. The implementation and the spreading of matrimonial therapy may have positive influence on the family in modern environment.
THEOLOGY
The vision of a beautiful and good world, a characteristic of the Christian religion, comes as a solution to the “depression” of modern times. Humans have within their nature a tendency towards spiritual fulfilment, through the intermediary of faith and good deeds. Hope for a better world, be it actual or eschatological, is a virtue which develops an optimistic idea of the world, a wish for communication and an impulse for acting upon it. Positive psychology rediscovers the optimistic natural dimension of humans and the mechanisms through which this can be achieved. The Orthodox worship can be considered a similar mechanism if it preserves free spirit and ludic engagement in meeting with God, different from the stress fuelled by instrumentalisation of liturgy in an act of magical kind. Those who take part in the worship are filled with optimism and hope, the motive behind which study maintains a pastoral Orthodox liturgy, based on direct experience and active participation.
The article considers the significance of the icon-worshiping phenomenon in the religious life of the European North of Russia. The main attention is paid to the control over the distribution of icons, carried out mainly through the police activities. Another significant problem considered in the article was the presence of miraculous images in the daily life of peasant communities. The third aspect is connected with the existence in the northern dioceses of numerous icons that do not correspond to church canons.
Venediktov V.Y. On the problem of Ethnophyletism: a historical study. Part IV
The Holy and Great Council on Crete, 2016 has risen an important issue of Ethnophyletism. Russian, Georgian, Bulgarian, and Antiochian Orthodox Churches delegations were not present at the Great Council and were criticized for Ethnophyletism at the plenary session. The heresy of ethnophyletism was announced by the Council of Constantinople in 1872. Now we can see that it became essential nowadays. The article tells about the origin of this heresy and whether the Ethnophyletism may be decided to be the heresy. Basing on the archival documents the fourth part of the paper describes further development of the Church conflict after the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-78 and summarizes the results of the research.
The article reviews noncanonical orthodox organizations, communities of believers and clerics included into noncanonical orthodox jurisdiction in force on the territory of Samara Metropolia of the Russian Orthodox Church. Despite abhorrence of the legal church these communities could not bring a lot of adepts into their fold and extend the schism. Almost all described factious groups stay canonically isolated, and sometimes change their jurisdiction. Special focus in the article is on the communities that used to remain under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.
PHILOLOGY
Nahnybida L.S. Functional cognitive paradigm in research of metaphor
The article reviews traditional and modern lines of research that contribute revelation of many-sided entity of metaphor. Despite numerous efforts of scrutinizing and systematization of metaphors, there is no far and wide integrated theory that could have included ideas of different approaches. The author identifies main, the most effective researches in classifications of metaphors that give the idea of its place and role within the text and discourse. Functional cognitive paradigm is determinant in metaphor studying and revealing its dual nature.
The article analyses the art specificity of Chekhov’s legacy in dramatic art based on implementing in national film industry. Chekhov’s drama is divertive in its interpretation by the reader, the researcher, and in the director’s cut. Eccentricity frequently occurs in his dramaturgy. In literary text this device is not only a part of aesthetic picturing but also the form of overthinking, transformation of reality and changing the attitude to reality. The main division of the text form alters the character’s reality and his life into the moving picture frame, and changes the set visual representation into the symbol. Cinematic art allows to connect Chekhov’s text to the ornamentality of the image.
Giemza L. Meetings in “Diaries” by Jan Józef Szczepański
The article discusses meetings described in “Diaries” by Jan Józef Szczepański. The main thesis is that Szczepański regards meetings as something much more important than a causal form of contact. What can be inferred from individual descriptions is a methodology of a meeting. They lead not only to the creation of a better, more humane world, but also to a more profound self-knowledge. Szczepański believes that being with the Second Person and for the Second Person is a fundamental form of existence in the world. Szczepański’s views, stated explicitly or implicitly, are close to the philosophy of a meeting and to the thought of Karol Wojtyła.
“Drzewo” (“The Tree”) – a play by Wiesław Myśliwski, the outstanding Polish contemporary writer – is one of his four dramas (apart from “Złodziej”, 1973; “Klucznik”, 1978 and “Requiem dla gospodyni”, 2000). In “Drzewo”, Myśliwski presented the Polish village of the second half of the 20th century and, at the same time, created a metaphoric, symbolic reality. Defended by an old peasant Marcin Duda from being cut down, the title tree becomes embers of dramatic conflict and is a very complex symbol and the greatest carrier of hope, the endangered hope. The writer leaves us with confidence that the values symbolized with the tree will be protected and preserved by Duda’s daughter and grandson. The hope also manifests itself in supernatural reality which, together with the earthly dimension, exists in the poetic world of the drama as a harmonious whole. Deriving from the circle of the village culture, the motifs and believes presented in Myśliwski’s “Drzewo” seem to be universal and show the truth about human life.
The paper focuses on mythologization of time in “The French Lieutenant’s Woman” by John Fowles. The process of mythologization is carried out via the writer’s creative reception of his predecessors’ works. The present paper aims at a complex research of the reminiscences to poems by M. Arnold, T. Hardy, A. Tennyson and reinterpretation of time during the creative reception of verse. The author draws a conclusion about the mythologization of time, its particularities and meaning for J.R. Fowles’s novel.
PHILOSOPHY
Petrushkevych M.S. Peculiarities of constructing the models of mass religious communication
Religious communication is a full-fledged, effective part of the mass information field. It uses new media to fulfil its needs. And it also functions in the field of mass culture and the information society. To describe the features of mass religious communication in the article, the author constructs a graphic model of its functioning.
The article for the first time in the Russian Humanities considers the phenomenon of glamour through the prism of universal aesthetic categories. The essence of the conception is to explore the phenomenon of glamour not in the sphere of its existence, but to perform global ontological phenomena to which its genesis leads. Following the methodology of Alexander Baumgarten the author of the article consistently compares glamour to aesthetic categories. In this article the author relates glamour with the categories of the ugly, mundane, terrible, wretched and vile. The article proves that glamour belongs to those categories of aesthetics.
Dedyulina M.A. The digital divide: philosophical reflection
The problem of digital divide itself is interesting for philosophical reflection as it lies at the crossroads of interests of social and political philosophy, philosophy of technology and epistemology, and these are just some of them. Due to the constant development of information technologies and the introduction of new technologies the digital divide is a dynamic problem. The main aim of this work is to analyse the conceptual and descriptive aspects of the problem of the digital divide, to get a more complete picture of the phenomenon. The digital divide is a complex problem that has social, political, cultural and ethical aspects.
The article is aimed to analyse the problem of the multilayer construction of identity in virtual environment. The author proposes to use the scientific model of “autodialogue” as a tool of reflection of a modern man. It helps to conclude that symbolic splitting of personality in virtual environment makes the gap between the real and the referential Ego, and both parts of personality start participating in the symbolic dialogue. The indivisible individuum becomes dividuum, which allows comprehending the virtual communications environment as the place for the formation of metaidentity, the individual identity with real and virtual personalities.