Политология и право

The position of government regulation in lieu of law (Perppu) in the state administration system is regulated in Article 22 paragraph (1) of 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In cases of compelling urgency, the President has the right to issue such regulation in lieu of law. This study uses normative legal research that analyses the provisions contained in the Indonesian Constitution, in which the President is constitutionally given the right to issue Government Regulations in Lieu of Laws in an emergency or critical conditions in order to resolve urgent issues quickly so as not to endanger the safety of the state. In order to comply with the principles of democracy, after the enactment of a Government Regulation in Lieu of Law within a period of one year, it must obtain the approval of the People’s Representative Council by making it a law; otherwise, the Perppu must be revoked.

Автор ставит перед собой задачу понять, возможна ли обратная эволюция манипулятивной диктатуры в сторону диктатуры страха в условиях современного информационного общества. В статье рассматриваются подходы к определению понятий диктатуры страха и манипулятивной диктатуры. Анализируются позиции, подтверждающие эволюцию диктаторских режимов от диктатуры страха к ее манипулятивному типу. Вместе с тем дается оценка развития современного информационного общества. Перечисляются и анализируются новые страхи, возникающие в связи с развитием информационного общества, а также влияние этих процессов на уровень доверия в обществе. Дана авторская оценка, которая подтверждает воздействие возникающих в информационном обществе страхов на политическое и общественное развитие в целом.

Land use has a very important role in modern life, such as the role for housing, plantation business, agricultural business, mining business and so on. In this regard, problems often arise in Indonesia related to the illegal ownership of land or control over it by foreign citizens. Law No 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles contains the main points of the Indonesian National Land Law, serves as a guide in regulating issues related to land issues. This study uses normative legal research, namely analysing Law No 5 of 1960 in Article 21 Paragraph 1, which states that only Indonesian citizens have property rights over land while foreign citizens may not have property rights. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for special legal rules for foreign nationals who have lived for a long time in Indonesia related to ownership of land ownership rights.

Environmental development in Indonesia is based on the principle of sustainable development, where the environment is maintained for the benefit of present and future generations. The Indonesian economy growth for the welfare of citizens affects the environment, while economic development inevitably affects changes in natural and environmental conditions. Changes in natural and environmental conditions must be regulated through laws and legal acts, so that they can be utilized for the welfare of citizens without damaging the ecology. This study uses normative legal research, namely analyzing Law No 32 of 2009 on “Environmental Protection and Management”. Legal guarantees from the government are particularly important to prevent ecological damage due to the excessive exploitation of Indonesia’s natural resources, which negatively affects the environment. Therefore, the efforts made by the government to reduce ecological risks with sustainable environmental development policies are the best solution to this problem.