No 3, 2019
Publishing Date: 2019-10-25
HISTORY
In the beginning of the 1700s Tsar Peter the Great ordered the First Kamchatka expedition to take place. Russia was going through a period where changes both economical connections and geographical discoveries took place. Peter the Great was organizing a new imperial Russian Navy. However, why was this First Kamchatka expedition undertaken? Economic, scientific or political reasons? The expedition, which was headed by Vitus Bering, proved the separation of Asia and America (Alaska). Furthermore, Bering's map showed northeast Asia in its true dimensions, both in longitude and latitude. On his return to St. Petersburg, Bering was met with much scepticism, which, after his own proposals, led to the Second Kamchatka expedition, better known as the Great Northern expedition of 1733-1743. Why such scepticism, and why is it still being shown? This article tries to give answers on abovementioned questions and to put the work of Vitus Bering into a broader perspective, to show how important these expeditions were for modern Russia.
The article discusses the issue of reformations in Saxon higher education as an essential component of the Lutheran confessionalization. The author analyses the principles and aims of the Saxon universities’s work. It defines the main features of organisation, educational programmes, and means of administrative supervision. In conclusion the important role of universities in the formation of statehood on the Electorate of Saxony is identified.
The article raises the issue of the need to study the local Catholic communities in Germany and compare their conditions during the Nazi dictatorship. The chances of Catholic priests to influence parishioners politically were different in the city and the rural area, in traditional Catholic lands and regions with Protestant domination. A more thorough study of this issue will contribute to a deeper understanding of the Nazi church policy and Christian Resistance.
The article discusses and analyses the features of the supervisory activity of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Pskov region over places of deprivation of liberty in the first half of the 1950s, when a truly massive attempt was made in the USSR to comprehensively modernize the state and the Soviet system. It included the transformation of society. Special attention is paid to the conditions of detention of prisoners. This article is based on previously unpublished materials and documents from the State archives of the Pskov Region. In solving research problems in this work, the author used systemic and historical-genetic methods. In conclusion, in the second half of the 1950s the bodies of the Soviet Prosecutor’s Office played a really prominent role in ensuring the rule of law in correctional labour institutions: they supervised the implementation of laws, stopped attempts to violate them, and protected the rights and legitimate interests of convicts.
PEDAGOGY
This research aims to discuss dealing with the formulation of the problem; what is the meaning of Macca Na Malempu, Warani Na Magetteng as four perfect characteristics of a leader, and how this characteristics relevance with Character of Education. The result of this research describes that this values can be seen in community service agencies, and in schools in Palopo City. In addition, the relevance of Macca Na Malempu, Warani Na Magetteng is related to the character of education: a) ammaccang (intelligence) is related to the value of characters like reading, curiosity, creativity, independence, hard work, peace of mind, national spirit, and love for the motherland, b) lempu' (honest), relating to the values of religious character, honesty, tolerance, democratic, responsibility, respect for achievement, and friendship, c) brave is related to the character of environmental care d) assertive is relevant to the character of discipline.
The article comes up with the issues of forming the picture of the world of a school child concerning ecology as in childhood and adolescence we lay the foundation of the worldview. The aim of the article is to consider the associative field of the word “nature” in the picture of the world of a school child in the linguo-cognitive aspect. The author also identifies the term “ecological picture of the world”, provides the results on a free association experiments by means of comparative analysis, statistical data processing, observation, and description.
Puzanskaya I.E. Teaching Russian and English as foreign languages. A comparative approach
Nowadays, more and more attention is paid to the process related to the language teaching. Therefore, there is an increasing need to update the teacher’s tools. Innovative approaches that make the learning process more effective and interesting for students are in a high demand today. That´s why the article analyses the current issue of teaching Russian and English as a foreign languages in the context of a comparative approach. The essence of the comparative approach is to find and understand the similarities and differences in the compared languages.
POLITOLOGY and LAW
Azis Setyagama. Analysis of marriage law in Indonesia: the role of career women in household life
In the Indonesian marriage law stipulated in the law No. 1 year 1974 on marriage, a husband is responsible for providing a living to his family, in fact in the community instead of that women or wives make a living as career women. The impact of these changes will result in positive and negative consequences. The positive impact of women in households is increasingly strong so that when something happens to her husband, he dies or divorcing, then woman can take over the role of husband as a single parent woman in the family and look for the work and raised her children. From the negative side, with the number of activities outdoors, automatically the affairs of the household have less attention so that the family communication is less harmonious both to the husband and children. This study used normative legal studies on marriage, linked to social changes amid the Indonesian society that is now experiencing the transition from traditional communities to modern life. The results of research and analysis resulted that the career women in Indonesia have more and more opportunities for women to work in the public sector as employees or government employees. So that the position of women as housewives Diminished and resulted in less harmonic family relationships, as the time for family is increasingly diminishing.
This paper discusses a large number of criticisms on the effectiveness of imprisonment, which in reality cannot decrease the level of criminality in a particular country so that other alternatives are required to solve this problem. Moreover, this research revealed that judges in Indonesia tend to determine the imprisonment verdict on the criminal act with a criminal charge of under five years. The concept of Rechterlijk Pardon which will be applied in the Draft of the Indonesian Criminal Code (RKUHP) and has been implemented in several countries are also one of the alternative penal measures to imprisonment and judicial corrective to the legality principle, which in the end is expected that this concept aims at decreasing the level of existing criminality.
Timoschuk A.S., Trofimova N.N. Character of the national legal fight against corruption
Corruption is a mimicking antisocial form of distribution of social wealth. Economic opportunities will always be less than the growing appetites of consumers. In the context of resource and environmental risks it is necessary to rethink corruption at the present stage as an unacceptable threat to sustainable development. The authors hope that the introduction of new digital technologies marks a new stage in the development of an open and honest society.
Sazonova N.V., Sazonova O.A. On the administrative and legal regulation of illegal migration
The article considers the problems of administrative and legal regulation of illegal migration. There is a chain of reasoning questions of formation of a steady migration situation which is aimed at ensuring compliance with interests of the state. The authors found out that the adverse dynamics of illegal migration to the country. In conclusion, activities of the state for minimization and prevention of negative consequences in the specified sphere demand a comprehensive investigation and also correlation with subsequent changes of the administrative and migration legislation.
PSYCHOLOGY
The treatment and prevention of psychological problems, mental disorders and somatic diseases requires the development of methods of psychotherapy and psychological support. The article proposes an analysis of goals, features and contraindications in emotionally-stressful psychotherapy. The author considers this type of psychotherapy as one of the important directions in improving the quality of public health.
Staniszewska A. Ethical norms of marital and family therapy
The article discusses the ethical standards used in marital and family therapy. Working with family and marriage is a special kind of psychotherapy which has specific canons. The author studies ethical norms, which are presented in therapeutic codes of psychological communities, analyses the concept of ethics and morality in the therapeutic process and emphasizes the importance of their observance in practice. Maintaining family and matrimonial therapy requires high personal and professional competence. Therefore, knowledge and ethical compliance are necessary for each specialist.
THEOLOGY
The article discusses specific features of the organization of confessional accounting and the implementation of the sacrament of penance in the Russian North. It was revealed that the attitude of the clergy and laity to confession noticeably changed throughout the period under review. Materials of the 18th century paint a picture of the tight control over the implementation of the sacrament. Those who shy away from confession are subjected to various forms of persecution, including fines. Data of the 19th century show that the attitude of church and secular authorities towards confession has undergone major changes. From now on, the basis for the activities of the clergy was preaching, including in the Karelian language, aimed at convincing the local population of the need for annual repentance. Both versions of the impact on the laity did not bring success and were ineffective.
Miłkowska K. The death of Serbian rulers in Serbian iconography
The work's aim is to explain the phenomenon of the model of Serbian sanctity, with particular emphasis on its influence on art. Based on the analysis of sources, the author tries to show how they influenced the way of illustrating rulers from the Nemanjić dynasty. Furthermore, analyses some iconographical elements of the Dormition and presents their impact on medieval art in the description of women's images of the Nemanjić family.
The main purpose of this article is to highlight the organisation and activities of the training icon-painting workshops of the Committee of Care on Russian icon painting (1901-1918) in Mstera, Palekh, Kholuy and Borisovka. The author provides a detailed analysis of the minutes of meetings and other documents of the Committee. On their basis the author reproduces the chronology and training programme in icon painting schools and attempts to reconstruct the ideal of an enlightened icon painter that was created in the Committee’s circle. The results of the activities of educational icon painting workshops are summarised.
PHILOLOGY
Balalaieva O.Y. Onomatopoetic verbs derived from Indo-European roots *bha-/*ba-
The article attempts to project the theory of deetymologization on onomatopoetic material. The process of losing the original phonetic motivation of words is shown on examples of the Russian language verbs derived from Indo-European roots *bha-/*ba-. Phonetic transformations embodied in the external form of word, historical word formation modifications and changes in the structure of meaning are significant as preconditions for deetymologization of onomatopoetic Russian verbs.
The article considers the composition of the nominations representing the conceptual sphere of “Food” in the Russian dialects of the Amur region. The systemic relationships in the lexical-semantic group are analyzed: hyper-hyponymic, synonymous, variant. The article determines motivational signs of food nominations in the dialects of the Amur Region and the methods of derivation, i.e. lexical and syntactic. The article also reveals the specificity of the lexical composition and semantic structure of the considered group nominations on the all-Russian dialect background. The authors use comparative, descriptive-analytical methods as well as elements of component analysis.
The present study operates within cognitive linguistics. Its object is the semantic structure of the English preposition “under”, and its aim is to reveal the conceptual domains which are expressed verbally via non-spatial meanings of the preposition. The study was conducted using the dictionary and corpus data. Seven conceptual domains were found: “time / quantity”; “process / situation”; “impact / contact”; “law / rules / limitations”; “power / hierarchy”; “written discourse / text”; “hidden truth”. The study also revealed conceptual metaphors serving as the cognitive basis for the development of the non-spatial meanings of “under”.
The article analyses of the phenomenon of shame in psychological and linguistic aspects based on speech and behaviour of the participants in the TV programme "Lie Detector". The authors consider the opinions of scientists about shame and give an etymological review of the concept "shame" in Russian. In conclusion, the authors prove the uniform way to demonstrate the emotion of shame among different communicants.
Nikishov Y.M. Chasing new things: “Eugene Onegin” as erotic literature
Recently an e-book with an eccentric name “Mute Onegin” by Alexander Minkin, a drama columnist, has become available to the reader. Its basic part was previously published in a newspaper “Moskovskij Komsomolets”. The author shows his passion to the theatre in the book as well, but the main goal here is to understand the Pushkin’s text. The interdisciplinary approach itself contains the possibility of new interpretations, but these expectations give way to decisive disappointment.
Tarasova D.V. The motive of murder in Russian literature of the 19th century
The article on the material of the 19th century Russian prose describes the motive of murder as an important element of a destructive human activity. The author presents a unique four-level classification system of motive of murder and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the literary material. The literary works of the Russian writers of the 19th century are used as examples: N.V. Gogol, A.S. Pushkin, F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy, M.Y. Lermontov, N.S. Leskov.
PHILOSOPHY
Golubinskaya A.V. Where and how to find the boundaries of epistemic mentality?
This article provides the basis for the study of the phenomenon of internal epistemic identity of social groups. The general approaches are social psychology, which considers the issue on the example of professional deformation, and sociology of science, which reveals the experience of identifying the specific epistemic activity of scientific communities. The author raises the question of whether it is possible to find epistemic social groups identified with different principles. The purpose of this article is to summarise the results of expanding spheres of application of the concept of epistemic identity (epistementality). In conclusion, possible directions of further research and clarification of the proposed results are briefly proposed.
Bezrukov A.N. The subjectology in poetic constructs
The lyric of modern Russia is a unique and extraordinary phenomenon. Poets in the creativity draw the readers’ attention to a possible dialogue with the previous culture and history. The subject of this article is the author's constructs of Vera Polozkova, which can be correlated to a number of subject allotments and tracks. Lately, the name of Vera Polozkova becomes quoted, studied, and uncommonly handled with the purpose to objectify and support the paradigm of literary changes of the 20-21 centuries. Article methodology incorporates methods of receptive criticism, structuralism, hermeneutics, and aesthetic comparative studies to a greater extent. This material can be a certain help for further studying of Vera Polozkova’s literary manifests, and studying the specificity of modern poets’ stylistic manner.