No 3, 2017
Publishing Date: 2017-10-25
HISTORY
The article reviews the problems of the customary law functioning in the northern village. Popular ideas about legality and justice were combined with the regular application of Russian laws significantly complementing them. The appearance and the beginning of the active activity in the villages of the Olonets province of the professional police gradually, though not radically, changed the situation. The effect of the norms of state law became more and more stable, and the time-honored peasant legal traditions were a thing of the past. At the same time the formation of personnel and the definition of the main activities of rural police occurred under the significant impact of customary law.
The article analyses relationships between political exiles and government officials in Vyatka province before the first Russian revolution. The study reflects increasing tendency towards hostility between the government officials and state prisoners in the pre-revolutionary period in the Russian Empire. The author reveals subjective and objective reasons for the deterioration of such relations. This is being examined on the example of Vyatka province where there were the main remonstrative forms of which political exiles took advantage at the beginning of the 20th century, as well as the ways police reacted on their actions.
Due to the historically and physiologically developed biological and “civilized” qualities of people, the townspeople developed as a sociocultural entity and as a natural material at the same time. Consequently, the factors that created life conditions for the townspeople of Tobolsk province had a general multilateral totality of its influence on this process. Geographical factors acted as natural agents, economic development was an artificial (anthropogenic) factor, social class and demographic composition played a role of socio-historical determinants. The article studies the aggregate of determinants acted as anthropogenic and socio-historical reasons for the formation of the public life of the urban population in this spatio-temporal framework.
This article analyses the archival documents of the Central Intelligence Agency. The sources of the post-war period provide an opportunity to see what forecasts the US intelligence personnel put forward. CIA analysts considered various scenarios of events, detailing military aspects and signs of potential aggression on the part of the USSR. CIA employees did a great job, predicting the possible occupation of Western Europe and the Middle East by the Soviet Union.
This article analyses the thesis “Crime prevention in Leningrad and the Leningrad Region between the later 1950s and the first half of the 1960s” (St. Petersburg, 2016. 254 p.) for a Candidate Degree in History by S.V. Remneva as well as the structure and logic of work, the validity of the conclusions, the merits of research and its controversial points. Special attention was paid to the analysis of interaction between the public and law enforcement agencies in crime fighting in the second half of the 1950s and the first half of the 1960s. In conclusion the reviewer pays attention on the idea that the presented facts, assessments and results can be used to develop textbooks on the history of crime, the history of law enforcement community, the history of Leningrad and the Leningrad Region.
PEDAGOGY
The article summarizes important competences for the modern specialist. It characterises prior directions in introduction of innovative methods of training at universities. These directions are linked to the core competences of students each direction allows to form. The tools for implementing these directions are specified in the article.
The article treats the issue of implementation of the federal state educational standard of higher education in the discipline “Elective courses in physical culture and sports”. The author analyses the possibility of using sport tourism as a module in physical culture as well as positive features of hiking in comparison with other types of sports, its recourse for health and education. It is recommended to use sport tourism in the educational process in higher educational institutions.
Nikitina O.E. Peculiarities of professional education in the system of higher pedagogical education
The article identifies characteristics that can be used to formulate the universal definition of the idea of “professional education” in the future. The author considers the specificity of professional education of the future teacher. The paper also investigates the experience of pedagogical schools and detachments as forms of organization of professional education in the system of higher professional pedagogical education. On this analysis the author concludes that for the purposes of professional education in the system of higher pedagogical education the most productive organizational forms are pedagogical laboratories, schools and troops.
POLITOLOGY
The author discusses processes of decentralization as institutional components of a successful democratic transit in the post-socialist Czech Republic. The article explores the specific public administration decentralization model as well as the peculiarities of administration at the highest level, i.e. the Regional Assembly. On the basis of the empiric technique the article analyses dynamics of administration system transformation along with the modern state of the decentralized administration in the Czech Republic. The author defines overall results of decentralization management in the Czech Republic.
The author considers features of adaptation and integration policy for foreign citizens and stateless persons. In a chain of reasoning specifics of legal regulation in the sphere of adaptation and integration of migrants in Russia are investigated. It is established that adaptation and integration policy in the host state are combined, supplement and interact with each other. The conclusion is drawn on need of improvement of system of regulation by population shift with parallel realization of the collateral measures aimed at providing national security of the Russian Federation.
The article presents the author's attitude to the role of modern legal culture in minimizing human rights risks in various areas. On the basis of the cumulative analysis of the Federal legal acts and legal acts of constituent units of the Russian Federation included into the Central Federal District the author makes conclusions and generalizations on contemporary forms of state influence on growth of the legal culture of the population. The key value here is assigned to the documents containing a program of action. The obtained results allowed the author to define proposals for the improvement of the stated relations.
PSYCHOLOGY
The article focuses on the application of social psychology, and visual technologies, such as photography. It stresses that this type of visual technology is used in research aimed at the study of communication, interpersonal knowledge, and inter-ethnic relations. Within these areas of research we apply photos of human appearance with the status of the criterion of categorization, identification, classification, the mechanism of recognition of certain social and ethnic groups, and attitudes. So far visual technology was insufficiently applied in studying relationships in various discriminatory practices including discrimination, which is designated as ethnic-lookism. The work discusses researches that studied identification and assessment of the man's face of different races through the application of visual technologies. The authors come to the conclusion, that the visual experience in the mainstreaming of discriminatory practices including ethnic-lookism becomes a promising direction in studying the attitudes to discriminatory behaviour in various situations of interaction.
THEOLOGY
The article deals with the history and the problems of the Moravian Church rooting back to the Unity of the Brethren or Unitas Fratrum, a Czech Protestant denomination established around the minister and philosopher Jan Hus in 1415 in the Kingdom of Bohemia. The Moravian Church is thereby one of the oldest Protestant denominations in the world. With its heritage back to Jan Hus and the Bohemian Reformation (1415-1620) the Moravian Church was a precursor to the Martin Luther’s Reformation that took place around 1517. Around 1722 in Herrnhut the Moravian Church experienced a renaissance with the Saxonian count Nicolaus von Zinzendorf as its protector. A 500 years anniversary celebrated throughout the Protestant countries in 2017. The history of the Moravian Church based on the description of two out of the 27 existing settlements, Christiansfeld in the southern part of Denmark and Sarepta in the Volgograd area of Russia, is very important to understand the Reformation in 1500s.
The article analyses the views of St. Theophan, the Recluse (1815-1894), the famous theologian and spiritual writer of the 19th century, on the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy, which stemmed in 1846 from the Metropolitan Ambrose (Georgiopoli). St. Theophan considered that the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy is devoid of grace. Like many bishops, St. Theophan considered the ‘edinoverie’ (coreligionism) as a step in the conversion to Orthodox Christian and as a way to salvation. The attitude of St. Theophan to the old believers is fully in line with Church tradition and is characterized by integrity and comprehensiveness of the analysis, as well as active personal acquaintance with those problems about which he wrote.
The article covers a little-known story of non-canonic Orthodox jurisdiction called “Turkish Orthodox Church” that appeared in 1920-s as a schismatic organisation with strongly pronounced Turkish nationalism and extreme intolerance to the canonic Constantinopolitan Orthodox Church. A historical link between the orthodox citizens of Turkey with Greece stirred up ill-feeling in pro-Turkish nationalists. That caused raft of attempts to capture church property from the canonic churches. Despite uproars and big words schismatic didn’t attract many orthodox and remained as uninteresting issue for Turkish politicians. Without any governmental support non-canonic “Turkish Orthodox Church” gradually turned into socio-political group of devoted nationalists that are mainly the relatives of priest Paul Karakissadiris, the founder of this religious organization. Today “Turkish Orthodox Church” being mostly a political project has liberal elements and denies canonic division of Orthodox Church of schismatic community.
Scarlat P. Ecological education through liturgical experience. Aspects of Orthodox tradition
The problem of ecology is becoming increasingly serious in our time because it takes into direct account life’s resources and applies to individual, as well as global, survival. Although specialists put mammoth efforts into creating a sustainable world through technological and mathematical methods, the fundamental problem reaches no resolution and there continues to emerge risk of relapsing into an ecological crisis. The answer needs sought in correcting the illusion of the myth with economic or material ends and adding an open mind to the ambience that awakens profound sentiments of reciprocity and respect. Liturgical experience awakens the human conscience through participation not only of the mind, but also through the whole being, with its emotions and specific language. Synchronisation with natural cycles presents natural elements such as water, vegetation such as flowers, branches, iconic images depicting a natural medium are concurrently ritual conditions and methods of educating for a life that is at one with nature.
PHILOLOGY
Bragova A.M. The textual analysis of the concept “audacia” used by Cicero
The aim of this research is to analyse the use of the concept “audacia” and its derivatives in Cicero’s works on the basis of statistical method. For Cicero “audacia” is the most serious vice which means “audacity”, “impudence” (except of the term usage in a positive sense, in a meaning “courage”). The concept is combined with the words denoting virtues and vices, therefore it has an ethical and philosophical connotation. The concept is also used by Cicero in a political and juridical discourse, especially in the court speeches for inculpatory and exculpatory evidence; that is why it takes an important place in the political and juridical conceptual apparatus of his works.
Nikishov Y.M. On the ambiguities of elegy “Under the Blue Sky...” by A. Pushkin
The cause for writing the elegy “Under the Blue Sky...” was the death of Amalia Riznich, who was Pushkin's former beloved. The poet was astounded by his indifference to this message. The article attempts to explain this indifference. A convincing answer can be obtained from trustingly perceiving every word of the text and see the elegy in the context of the poem “Adjuration” addressed to A. Riznich.
Bezrukov A.N. Structural analysis of the lyrics as a representation model of aesthetic coordinates
The article presents systematization of the basic principles of structural analysis. The literary basis for the research is a poem “Please, my letter, oh dear, don't crumple” by A.A. Akhmatova. The article reflects peculiarities of poetic style, refines a number of specific features in the author’s perception of the world. The viewpoint of structuralism determines the topicality of this work that lies entirely in the idea that this text wasn’t given any sufficiently objective evaluation. Consequently, the reception of the lyric within the designated methodological coordinates will be new now. It is concluded that the aesthetic effect of the text is achieved by the integration of phonetic, lexical and semantic levels. The structure of the text leads the reader to new interpretations and comprehension of the multidimensionality of aesthetic works.
This article demonstrates how in Marina Tsvetaeva’s poem “Homesickness” the author’s attempt to present her mental state as an attitude of well-worn indifference to the positive and negative aspects of life transforms into an intense emotional reaction. It reveals the methods of representing a subject inside and outside of time and space. This article also discusses the forms of explication and implication of its passivity and isolation. Finally, it analyzes the components of the text which create and strengthen the all-encompassing negative assessment caused by the emotions experienced.
Drozdova M.S. Tradition and reality in John Fowles’s poetry
The paper focuses on reception in John Fowles’s poetry of the 1950-s and 60-s. The paper deals with the form and stylistics of the poems and their intertextuality, i.e. allusions and reminiscences to his predecessors’ works. The basic methods are those of reception-aesthetics and literary hermeneutics. The present paper is based on E.V. Abramovskikh’s theory and typology of creative reception developed by the author of the paper. The author analyzes creative reception strategies in Fowles’s poetry and draws a conclusion on the interaction of tradition and reality in it.
Shulgina I.A. Distribution of information flows on the local Internet news resources
This study was carried out in line with philological researches on network media. It examines the distribution of information flows on the example of five local news sources in the Khabarovsk Territory. An informational occasion is the celebration of the Victory Day. The author gives conclusion based on the results of the analysis of the translation in the information space of the region. Thus, the structurally functional plan of the event-news flow is characterized by multimedia, hypertextuality, intertextuality and interactivity. Its content characteristics include the localization of events and their specifics, the shift of focus to officials, suppression or excessive focusing on the negative aspects of socially significant events. Knowing these features of the regional Internet resources of the Khabarovsk Territory is necessary for building and conducting a successful information policy.
The article deals with the addresser-addressee relations in the texts of French political advertising video clips from the verbal, textual point of view. The texts of video clips issued by the candidates for the French 2017 presidential election during the first round of the campaign serve as the material for this article. The aim of the article is to determine how the candidates (i.e. the addressers) effectuate their relations with the voters (i.e. the addressees) in the texts of their videos. As a result, a range of rhetorical methods were used by the candidates allowing them to attract maximum attention of the target audience. It makes the addressees trust the addresser and provide the desired perlocutionary effect.
PHILOSOPHY
Gerashchenko A.I., Gerashchenko I.G. G. Hegel’s philosophy of right in contemporary education
The article contains supporting rationale of the role that G. Hegel’s “Philosophy of Right” and other writings play for modern education. Hegel’s pedagogy is represented in the context of his philosophy. Authors consider contradictory nature of ethical ideal in upbringing. The following issues of G. Hegel’s philosophy of education are analyzed: formation of theoretical thinking, meaning of classical education at gymnasium and at university, methods and methodology of philosophy and philosophy of right teaching, correlation of authoritative and game pedagogics, role of discipline in teaching, etc. Teaching methodology of philosophy of right is shown.
Kniazeva E.D. Specifics of the capital in scientific knowledge: cultural aspect
Theoretical reflection on the problems of the capital has not had enough attention from scientists until recently. Increasing of the number of capitals at the end of the 20th century, the processes of globalization and the awareness of the lack of scientific knowledge about the phenomenon of a capital attracted historians, sociologists and economists to work on the modern megalopolis. In this article is made an effort to unlock the potential of cultural aspect at the study of the capitals. In this context especially important is the presentation of the question on the legality of the transfer of the accumulated knowledge about the city on the capital's territorial formation.