No 1, 2018
Publishing Date: 2018-04-25
HISTORY
The article considers the main regularities of formation and activity of Jewish communities in provincial cities of Russia. It was revealed that servicemen became the basis for the formation of religious communities of Jews. Subsequently, the number of Jewish communities has increased significantly due to a significant influx of exiles and the arrival of Jewish merchants. The existence of Jewish religious communities was the subject to detailed legislative regulation. At the same time, a number of significant problems could not be solved. In particular, training of rabbis was extremely difficult. The difficulties were also in preserving the traditional way of life, the native language.
The article analyses the thesis “The activities of the Soviet police to combat crime and protect public order in Western Siberia in 1925-1937” by D.E. Kuznetsov. The structure and logic of the construction of the work, the validity of the conclusions, the merits of the dissertation research and its controversial points are considered. Special attention is paid to the source of the dissertation. In conclusion, the author of the article summaries that the contents of D.E. Kuznetsov's facts, assessments and conclusions can be used to develop textbooks on the history of crime, the history of law enforcement bodies, the history of Russia.
This article considers the establishment and operation of the first informal organizations and movements in the Soviet Union during the Perestroika on the territory of Smolensk Oblast. The author classifies the informal movements during the adjustment period of their existence. The work reveals the relationship between local party organizations with the newly created informal movements. It is concluded that during the Perestroika emerged massive social movements supported the democratic reforms undertaken in the country and the region. It was the period of new opportunities for the appearance of the local social movements. The restructuring was the period of formation of new models of political behaviour, a period of mass political participation and creation of new political institutions and associations of Smolensk and the Smolensk region citizens, their participation in the alternative elections.
PEDAGOGY
Research shows that soft skills, such as teamwork capability, creativity, time management, problem solving skills, communication skills, conflict management, leadership skills, cultural awareness, information management skills and work ethic, are the affective skills most demanded by industries/companies of today's entry-level employees. However, it is this same set of skills that industries claim are still not adequately teaching to the students in the higher education. The research was aimed at identifying life skill formation based teaching and learning model and concept by integrating and synergizing hard skills and soft skills. The research results in the mapped soft skill mastery profile of the students that was at the high category of 72,24%. The mapping will be used as the basic reference for the teaching and learning model developed in this research.
Shelukhin M.L. Project lawmaking of higher legal education reform in Ukraine
The article considers the ways of reforming higher legal education in Ukraine and contains suggestions on its improvement. The author analyses the actual state of higher legal education in Ukraine and the most important methodological approaches to the content of legal education in current state of social and legal development. The emphasis is placed on the proposals submitted to the Ukraine Parliament for improving the quality of legal education. The author defines the principal identity of legal education with other types of professional education, reveals the reasons for the attempts to reform higher legal education in Ukraine and concludes that it is inappropriate to legislatively affix the names of legal professions.
Haraberjush I.F. Some ideas about remote legal education in Ukraine
The article displays the features of remote training as an independent form in the system of higher education in Ukraine. The author also allocates the features of formation of distant learning system and considers possibilities of using this form in legal education in Ukraine. The article defines the categories of graduate lawyers for whose training the distant learning system based on the advanced information technologies is the most effective one.
POLITOLOGY
Koltsova I.I. Retrospective of information society creation in Republic of Poland
The article proves that the dynamic development of information and communication technologies in the world has determined the necessity of transition and construction of a qualitatively and quantitatively new social formation as information society. It is noted that the driving force is information, the use of advanced technologies and the creation of intellectual products. There are four stages of information society formation. The author characterises the peculiarities of development of ICT on these stages and the existence of a regulatory and legal framework that provides the intensive development of information technologies in Poland.
Dzubenko S.Y. Prospects of social democracy in Russia
The article discusses the prospects of social democracy in Russia. The author considers the main stages in development of social-democratic movements and parties in Russia and analyses trends and historical aspect of the issue. Attention is also paid to the historical aspect of the problem. The author thinks that the European-type social democracy has no future in Russia.
The paper is an analytical examination of the geo-political implications of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the One Belt and One Road Initiative. The paper examines the probable implications of the two mega projects for the regional, as well as, trans-regional actors. The paper debates on the likelihood for the creation of a new kind of relationship among China, Pakistan and Russia. It is also discussed how the prospects of reduced western influence in the region, in the backdrop of CPEC and the B&R Initiative, may result in the escalation of Russian and Chinese dominance on regional and trans-regional affairs.
Novak O.Y., Samoilova O.I., Vozniuk E.V. Nationalism as a threat to European security
The article focuses on the most prominent features of the nationalism raise within the European political environment and underlines its influence on the security state of the region. The article determines the factors and goals of the nationalist parties’ activity. The authors also analyse the main external and internal threats to European security. Nationalism is defined as an internal threat to European security. The authors reviewed modern examples of European nationalism and described changes that have taken place since the last elections in certain European countries.
PSYCHOLOGY
Kanevskiy V.I. Parasuicide, personality and time interval
The paper considers personal characteristics of the groups of parasuicides which differ in time of committing a suicide attempt. The author studies the features of personality traits of the representatives in two groups and the question of stability or variability of these parameters. It is assumed that in time perspective some of these traits, Neuroticism, Openness and Conscientiousness in particular, tend to change under certain conditions.
THEOLOGY
Kashirina V.V. The opinion of St. Theophan the Recluse on Protestantism
The article analyses the views of St. Theophan, the Recluse (1815-1894), a famous theologian and spiritual writer of the 19th century on Protestantism. The sources for analysis are the sermons of the Church, letters, articles in the journal “Domashnyaya beseda”, etc. Аccording to St. Theophan, the truth of Orthodoxy faith is determined by the principle of succession from the apostles and is characterized by immutability. The Protestants distorted the teaching of the Church with various innovations and updates. St. Theophan also criticizes Protestant Church and historical science, which does not recognize the tradition of the Church.
The article considers the little-known history of the accession of the Old Catholic bishop Ignacy Wysoczański to the Brail Metropolia of the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church with the recognition of the episcopal rank. The unilateral admission of a bishop, such an odious person as I. Wysoczański, gave rise to a sharp polemic between the two Old Believers of Metropolia. During the polemic, some details of the biography of I. Wysoczański were revealed, which became an obstacle for his recognition as a cleric. Despite the fact that the stay of I. Wysoczański in the Old Believers did not last long, a new “Old Believer” direction appeared in Poland among Polish Old Catholics, which have practically stopped active religious activities.
The article deals with Christian and biblical symbols and values in modern movies. In the last decades, a wave of new movies with Christian and biblical symbols has washed over the international film industry. That despites of the very fact that state religions in as well West, as East Europe is under pressure by modern society, its values and changing culture. Nevertheless, Christian symbols, values and moral teachings are far from forgotten. On the contrary, biblical themes, which in the recent decades have been clarified and ridiculed by as well experts as of non-professionals, now play a very important role in the construction of the structure of modern movies. The theological-aesthetical analysis of the three movies: “Babette’s Feast” by the Danish film director Gabriel Axel, “The Return” by Andrey Zvyagintsev, “The Island” by Pavel Lungin, will not only show the reader different aspects of the importance of Christian and biblical symbols and values in modern movies, but also demonstrates the difference between Protestantism, Catholicism and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
PHILOLOGY
Barashkova D.S. Lexical variations in the Bible translations
The paper contains the comparative analysis of the Ostromir Gospels (1056-1057) and the Synodal translation of the Bible in order to identify lexical variations (alternatives). A source of the analysis are identic contexts from the Bible. Besides the author examines the materials of the others Old Slavonic written manuscripts. As a result of the comparative analysis some lexical options reflecting both synonymic and hyper-hyponymic relations and derivational variability were revealed.
Melkov A.S. Guidelines for teaching of “Linguistic source study” special course
In the system of professional training of philology students there is a great importance of practical skills and abilities development of working with handwritten material. This is due to the fact that the history of the Russian language as a scientific discipline is impossible to develop without reliable linguistic information, which can be taken from handwritten sources only through the correct research activity. “Linguistic source study” special course is aimed at practical students’ training, the expected result of which is the formation of skills and abilities of independent conducting linguo-source research through the manuscripts’ material. The special course includes lectures and practical training and is addressed both to senior bachelor and master students.
The article is a review of the monograph by Elena Koriakowcewa “Essays on the language of modern Slavic media (semantic and derivational and linguocultural aspects)”. The reviewed monograph analyses new productive processes of word formation in contemporary Russian, Polish and Czech mass media. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in each language are represented as well. The structure of the book, scientific principles and approaches to the study of the language of mass media are analysed. The monograph is estimated as an original research, having scientific novelty, theoretical significance and practical value.
The article reveals the heuristic and applied capabilities of polytolinguistics, a relatively young branch of scientific knowledge. A relevant tracing paper is a comparative analysis of language cultures in the era of Perestroika in Russia and German reunification. The generality of the trends of linguistic changes is explained by the former membership of the USSR and the GDR to one ideological system. The differences are due to the different history and prehistory of socialism in these countries, which have imposed a national-specific imprint on subsequent processes of democratic transformation.
Mekhtiev V.G., Redko D.V. Brow – man – shuttle in M. Lermontov’s youthful lyrics
The article explores the connection of the words “brow” – “man” – “shuttle”. These lexical units have strong semantic and emotional charge in the young poet’s verses. M. Lermontov uses the words “brow”, “man” and “shuttle” in his poems as an important component of the poetic image. The author studies connections between these words with key motives of Lermontov’s lyrics.
Bezrukov A.N. Conversion in poetic communication of Afanasy Fet’s lyric poetry
The object of the analysis in this work is lyrics by Afanasy Fet. Component analysis is performed from the perspective of realization of the aesthetic communicative dialogue’s conversion in the poetic world model. The personalized world of Fet’s poetry is a condition not only for the external specification of feelings and emotions. The main topics of his legacy are nature, beauty, feeling, landscape, and love. However, in our opinion, Fet’s lyric poetry is much more complicated and extensive. In the poetic text there is a fusion of the static in the episodes of reality and the dynamics in the emotional experience of the lyric hero. Consequently, the reader observes the conversion of poetic communication which in turn is sufficiently productive for the objective evaluation of the narrative. In conclusion, the poetic discourse combinatorically connects different facets of language realization which forms semantic variety of lyrics and unordinary nature of the reader's reception.
Szabłowska-Zaremba M. A portrait of Sholem Aleichem in the Polish-Jewish press
The main purpose of the article is to present and describe the reception of Sholem Aleichem’s portrait in the Polish-language Jewish press published in 1918-1939. The basis is created by such serial publications as “Nowy Dziennik” (Krakow), “Chwila”, “Nasza Opinia” (Lviv), “Głos Żydowski”, “Nasz Przegląd” (Warsaw). The aspects connected with the role of Sholem Aleichem as a theatre creator were discussed separately. It was important to point out the first attempts to research a theoretical discourse in the Jewish press about the Jewish humour to give the definition and characteristics (Jakub Appenszlak, Gerszon Lewin and Elchanan Cejtlin).
PHILOSOPHY
The article considers P.I. Novgorodtsev’s philosophical and legal theory in context of legal awareness crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. The author substantiates the relevance of Novgorodtsev's legacy for the Russian reality today as well as for history, theory and philosophy of law. Special attention is paid to the teaching of the philosophy of law. The article also shows the originality of Novgorodtsev’s philosophical and legal concept and its development in the process of constant polemics with outstanding domestic and foreign theorists of law. Innovative ideas of the Russian thinker on reforming the Russian legal system have been revealed.
On the basis of the analysis of various directions of canonization practices the article shows the transformation of the Russian Orthodox Church in the beginning of the 21st century into an active memory policy actor in Russia. The authors consider both further directions of the use of the pantheon of Ancient and Medieval Russian saints and the peculiarities of the canonization practices of the victims of Soviet repressions as well as the issues of modern canonization. It was shown that the cult of Nicholas II and his family plays a special role in the practice of canonization as a memorial policy. The article considers the features of discussions about canonization of some historical persons. The practice of canonization and the politics of memory of the Russian Orthodox Church are considered in the context of transformation of mass religious historical memory in Russia.
Golovashina O.V., Kunavin K.S. Migration as a challenge in cultural memory of the Russians
The paper focuses on the effect of cultural memory on the perception of migration and migrants in modern Russia. Based on the ideas of A. Assmann, J. Olika and survey data, the authors examine the prospects for integration of migrants into the receiving society. It also proves the impossibility of direct transfer of the “multiculturalism” strategy in modern conditions in Russia. The main problem from the authors’ viewpoint is connected with the updating the Imperial discourse and conservative ideology. The most promising strategy is the use of the experience of the multi-ethnic regions of Russia and public initiatives’ development aimed at the integration of migrants.