№ 1, 2021

Статья посвящена исследованию истоков мистического ислама или суфизма. Автором изучены биографии наиболее важных суфийских мыслителей, которые были предшественниками новых учений и догм ислама и суфизма. Цель статьи – представить развитие суфизма на протяжении веков, его трансформацию и распространение. В заключение автор отмечает усиление интереса к суфизму, начиная с конца ХХ века.

In the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the authority and position of the People’s Representative Council (DPR) is regulated in articles 19-22B, where the DPR functions are given in article 20A paragraph (1), which states that “the DPR shall hold legislative, budgeting and oversight functions”. Indonesia adheres to a Presidential government system, thus the head of state cannot be overthrown by the House of Representatives, and supervision over the government is carried out by the executive. Thus, the DPR is only limited to supervising and cannot act in full measure. About the results of DPR supervision and identified cases of fraud committed by government officials can be reported only to institutions under the auspices of the executive branch. So obviously the DPR’s functions and powers in overseeing the administration of government are very imperfect. This paper is a normative legal research, which examines the provisions of articles in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, especially those related to the authority of the DPR in terms of oversight of government administration. The problem faced by the DPR is that parliamentarians don’t have the authority to impose legal sanctions on state officials, who carry out their duties in bad faith.

Constantly changing contemporary educational environment defies traditionally accepted customary training methods used to be the major ones just recent time ago. Due to the well-known objective factors, the system of education needs to be altered and modified to the certain extent, so digital platforms are being inserted into the teaching-and-learning process. It has appeared to be a veritable challenge for a great number of educators to get involved into such a “terra incognita”. However, there are some appreciable benefits of the “digital” approach. In this article the innovative digital educational means are analysed.

Статья посвящена последней в истории Советского Союза антиалкогольной кампании, проведенной в период Перестройки. Цель работы рассмотреть создание и деятельность добровольных обществ борьбы за трезвость на примере Смоленской области. Авторы приходят к выводам, что в ходе антиалкогольной компании были созданы предпосылки для дальнейшего наращивания усилий по борьбе с пьянством и алкоголизмом и утверждению трезвого образа жизни. Однако введённые ограничения лишь привели к очередям в магазинах, прогулам и росту самогоноварения.