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Khroul V. Fides vs ratio: the epistemological architecture of religious discourse on medical publications in Russian media

This paper examines the epistemological tension between theological argumentation and rational medical discourse in Russian religious media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on documentary analysis of 115 religious media articles and 91 official religious documents from Russia and Belarus between 2020-2023, the study identifies a structural paradox: official religious communications exhibit systematic dominance of theological language, yet address societies with low theological literacy, producing a significant communicative gap. Religious media outlets, Orthodox platforms “Pravmir”, “Foma” and “Pravoslavie.ru” in particularly, functioned as interpretive intermediaries, selectively incorporating scientific discourse while maintaining theological primacy. The paper argues that the fides – ratio relationship in this context was characterized not by genuine epistemological dialogue but by instrumental appropriation: science was invoked to confirm decisions already taken on theological and political grounds. This dynamic reveals how religious institutions in post-Soviet contexts navigate competing epistemic authorities under conditions where science retains high symbolic capital yet operates within politically constrained public spheres.

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теологическая аргументация

медицинский дискурс

религиозные СМИ

COVID-19

Россия

Беларусь

fides et ratio

коммуникативный разрыв

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Тумаков Д.В. Первая чеченская кампания 1994-1996 гг. в воспоминаниях сотрудников органов государственной безопасности России

УДК 94(47):351.746.1:82-94

ПЕРВАЯ ЧЕЧЕНСКАЯ КАМПАНИЯ 1994-1996 ГГ.

В ВОСПОМИНАНИЯХ СОТРУДНИКОВ

ОРГАНОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ

Тумаков Д.В.

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Федеральная служба безопасности

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Khroul V. Addressing covid-19 “Ex catedra”: how religions in Russia and Belarus faced the pandemics

The paper examines the strategies employed by religious institutions in Russia and Belarus during the on-going pandemic, analysing their arguments in official discourse and interactions with the governments. The results of the research indicate that, despite the stark contrast in governmental strategies for combating the pandemic (Russia’s approach being markedly stringent, while Belarus’ has been markedly lenient) shows how religions have called for compliance with government directives and have opposed conspiracy theories and dissident anti-vaccination activist movements. Minority religions also followed this approach. The necessity to conduct services online has provided a significant stimulus for the utilization of new digital technologies in predominantly conservative religious practices in both countries. The study revealed that the official documents under examination exhibited a clear predominance of theological elements over rational scientific elements in their argumentation. This finding highlights the inherent difficulties in the mediatisation of the Russian Orthodox Church narrative for the general public, which were already apparent but have become more pronounced during the pandemic.

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COVID-19

пандемия

религии

Православное Христианство

цифровые технологии

Россия

Беларусь

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Хруль С. Переводческие трансформации в научно-публицистическом тексте

УДК 81'25:811[161.1:162.1]

ПЕРЕВОДЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ

В НАУЧНО-ПУБЛИЦИСТИЧЕСКОМ ТЕКСТЕ

Хруль С.

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Khroul V. Religious agenda in Russian mainstream media: trends and controversies

The lack of understanding by journalists of the religious life complexity and sensitivity, the difference between profane and sacred leads to dysfunctions in the reporting on religions. Content analysis of the most popular Russian mainstream media discovered the marginalization of texts about religion in the general information agenda of Russian mass media, with the dominance of Orthodox Christianity in journalistic texts and the underexposure of religious minorities, while the popular presentation of doctrinal matters remains in media minimal. In addition, a “crisis of experts” in publications on religious topics has been detected: journalists prefer to seek comments from officials and public activists more often than from religious scholars. The “conflict of formats” in media and religions, the mismatch of mutual perceptions of the boundaries of permissible and acceptable in the secular media and religious communities remains an important characteristic of the current state of media-religion relations in Russia.

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Khroul V. Attitudes towards God in the texts of Internet communication in Russia

The paper presents the results of the study of attitudes towards God in the Russian mass consciousness, obtained using the method of analysing the texts of Internet communication. As a result of the study of spontaneous texts of mass self-expression, the author came to the conclusion that the ideas about God in the consciousness of Russians are formed mainly on the basis of their own experience, rather than on the basis of tradition, authority or historical experience. The texts testify that the relationship with God remains a subject of predominantly personal and group (family), but not public sphere.

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Khroul V. “Question-answer” patterns in Russian media discourse on religion

Analysing the history of journalistic genres, author discovers “question-answer” patterns and suggests them to be an immanent fundamental communicative pattern for transmitting the knowledge and mass information in media. Observing recent genres dynamics in Russian media, the author describes main trends in the media discourse – irrationalization and primitivization. Applying his theoretical frame to the empirical analysis of Russian media texts on religion, the author finds “question-answer” patterns in interviews, expert commentaries and analytical articles. He indicates journalists’ desire to clarify issues of audience’s interest about religious life through questions and answers

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Геращенко И.Г., Геращенко Н.В. Специфика современного патриотического воспитания в России

УДК 37+355.233.231.1

СПЕЦИФИКА СОВРЕМЕННОГО

ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКОГО ВОСПИТАНИЯ В РОССИИ

Геращенко И.Г., Геращенко Н.В.

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Россия

патриотическое воспитание

информационное общество

военно-патриотическое воспитание

духовно-патриотическое воспитание

гражданско-патриотическое воспитание

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Khroul V. Stereotypes on religion in media: A case of Muslims in Russia and the USA

The mediatisation of Islam and Muslims as a religious community is gaining interest in media studies due recent political events. The coverage of Islamic structures in institutional media as a particular case of mediatisation is important for understanding the mechanisms of shaping public opinion and mass attitudes towards this religion and its followers. Moreover, quite often the image in the media becomes the basis for political decision-making. This article, based on an analysis of a large volume of publications about Islam from 2000 to 2022 through “Factiva” service, examines its coverage in the two media spheres – Russian and US, drawing attention to the similarities and differences in the formation of a predominantly negative image of this religion. In conclusion, the author offers some recommendations to journalists covering the religious sphere.

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Хруль А.В., Хруль С.В. Юмор в песнях Булата Окуджавы и Яцека Качмарского: опыт функционального анализа

В статье рассматриваются функции юмора в песнях бардов России и Польши. Авторы анализируют песни и стихи двух выдающихся авторов: Булата Окуджавы и Яцека Качмарского с явным юмором (ирония, оксюморон и сатира) и использует методы структурного, содержательного и функционального анализа. Во второй половине XX века бардовская песня в России и Польше была средством самовыражения и широко использовала юмор и иронию в качестве критического инструмента и понятного призыва к социальным изменениям. Взяв этот феномен за отправную точку, авторы провели анализ социокультурных механизмов взаимопонимания и обнаружили связующий эффект юмора для аудитории. Авторы утверждают, что смех бардовских песен разрушает иерархические социальные структуры и барьеры между людьми, ведя к интеллектуальному и эмоциональному единению. Кроме того, в статье четко прослеживаются две доминирующие функции юмора в песнях и стихах Окуджавы и Качмарского: интегрирующая и дифференцирующая. Первая усиливает стремление обоих поэтов добиться взаимопонимания между слушателями и способствует социальному единению. Вторая функция дифференцирующая, она служит способом разделения и противопоставления тех групп, которые выработали иное мировоззрение, основанное на других ценностях. Обе функции юмора в песнях бардов формируют мировоззрение, усиливают рефлексию и ставят под сомнение окружающий социальный порядок.

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